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Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) is a novel oral formulation of two drugs with promising results in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).1 Trifluridine is a thymidine-based nucleoside analogue that, after intracellular phosphorylation, gets incorporated into DNA, causing DNA dysfunction.2 It was first identified by Callahan et al. in 1996 as an active impurity in the herbicide trifluralin, which […]

he DESTINY-Breast06 (DB-06) trial explored the effectiveness of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-low or HER2-ultralow metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Patients were screened for HER2 status and randomized to receive either T-DXd or treatment of the physician's choice (TPC). Results showed that T-DXd significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared to TPC, across various HER2 classifications.

The NIAGARA trial evaluated the combination of durvalumab (D) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical cystectomy (RC) and adjuvant durvalumab in cisplatin-eligible patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). A total of 1063 patients were randomized to either receive durvalumab + NAC + RC followed by adjuvant durvalumab or NAC + RC alone. The study […]

The phase II RELATIVITY-104 trial assessed the combination of nivolumab (NIVO) and relatlimab (RELA), a LAG-3-blocking antibody, alongside chemotherapy (PDCT) as a first-line treatment for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this randomized trial, patients receiving NIVO + RELA + PDCT demonstrated a higher overall response rate (ORR) (51.3%) compared to NIVO + PDCT […]

Endocrine therapy (ET) has changed the natural history of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC) and is the cornerstone of the treatment of HR+ BC. There are several ETs approved for the treatment of BC, including selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs; tamoxifen), aromatase inhibitors (AIs; anastrazole, letrozole and exemestane) and selective oestrogen receptor degraders (SERDs; fulvestrant […]

Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is a novel human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) designed to effectively deliver a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor (exatecan derivative) to HER2-expressing cancer cells and limit potential systemic toxicity.1 T-DXd has shown remarkable efficacy against recurrent HER2-positive breast cancer in many trials.2–5 This payload, an exatecan derivative, is highly active among camptothecins […]

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a cancer of the epithelial cells lining the biliary tree in the liver and can occur both inside the liver (intrahepatic CCA [iCCA]) and outside the liver (extrahepatic CCA, which includes both perihilar and distal cholangiocarcinoma) (Figure 1). Figure 1: A diagram showing the anatomical locations of the different subtypes of biliary tract […]

Outcomes for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer have steadily improve due to discovery of new drugs as well as increasing number patients undergoing local therapies.1 Angiogenesis is of a paramount importance in this disease and since vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) discovery several drugs targeting this pathway have been developed.2,3 Fruquintinib (HMPL-013) is a tyrosine kinase […]