ESMO 2026 brought new evidence across early and advanced breast cancer, with important updates on endocrine-based treatment, targeted therapies and ADCs. The selected studies examine several key questions in clinical practice, including the long-term benefits of adjuvant treatment, therapeutic options following progression on CDK4/6 inhibitors and the potential of emerging ADCs to improve outcomes in advanced disease.

ESMO 2026 presented new data across multiple myeloma, lymphoma and myeloid malignancies, exploring investigational bispecific antibodies, ADCs and targeted therapies. The studies selected for this round-up examine investigational approaches in relapsed/refractory disease and newly diagnosed settings, including combinations designed to deepen responses and emerging targets in patients with limited treatment options.

At European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress 2026, new data from VOLGA, KEYNOTE-B15, ENERGIZE, KEYNOTE-866 and POTOMAC examine perioperative treatment combinations, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and bladder-preserving strategies across muscle-invasive and non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

What are the most important developments in lower gastrointestinal oncology from ESMO 2026? Five selected studies examine key questions across locally advanced rectal cancer and metastatic and early-stage colorectal cancer. From the potential for immunotherapy to support organ preservation in dMMR/MSI-H rectal cancer, to longer-term survival outcomes with dual checkpoint inhibition and strategies to overcome acquired resistance to targeted therapy, these findings offer insights into evolving treatment approaches and their potential implications for clinical practice.

How might new treatment combinations and emerging biomarkers inform bladder cancer management? Five studies selected from ESMO 2026 address this question across different disease settings: VOLGA, KEYNOTE-B15/EV-304, ENERGIZE, KEYNOTE-866 and POTOMAC. Their findings examine perioperative treatment intensification, the potential of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to characterize treatment response and the addition of immunotherapy to bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) in high-risk non-muscle-invasive disease.

New phase 3 results in relapsed or refractory osteosarcoma, updated data for a direct β-catenin inhibitor in desmoid tumors and clinical findings across other rare sarcoma subtypes feature among the key studies presented at ESMO 2026. This round-up examines five abstracts, covering study designs, efficacy outcomes and safety data.

ESMO 2026 brought phase 3 data on an individualized mRNA-based therapy for resected melanoma, a histone deacetylase inhibitor combination for advanced melanoma, and updated survival results for adjuvant cemiplimab in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Dr Rodrigo Munhoz selects the key abstracts shaping the melanoma and skin cancer landscape.

Which treatment strategies are improving outcomes in RCC, and where do investigational combinations stand? At ESMO 2026, six selected studies examined treatment approaches across first-line advanced disease, oligometastatic RCC and adjuvant therapy: LITESPARK-011, LITESPARK-012, the ivonescimab phase Ib/II study, PE-PE, SWOG S2200 and KEYNOTE-564. Together, these data offer insights into the evolving evidence base guiding treatment decisions across different RCC settings.

ESMO 2026, presented new findings across the prostate cancer treatment landscape, from intensifying treatment before and after surgery to improving outcomes in metastatic disease. This round-up examines five selected studies: DASL-HiCaP, the PROTEUS substudy, CAPItello-281, PEACE-1 and CCTG PR21. Together, the findings address treatment intensification in high-risk localized disease, targeted treatment for PTEN-deficient tumors, the durability of survival benefits with abiraterone and patient-reported quality of life with different treatments for mCRPC.