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Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous haematologic cancer associated with clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in the bloodstream, bone marrow and other tissues. AML is associated with blasts expressing various complex molecular and cytogenetic alterations, which play an important ...
Mutations of the β-globin gene (HBB) cause sickle cell disease and β-thalassaemia, collectively named the β-haemoglobinopathies. As mankind’s most common severe genetic diseases, where they are most prevalent, public health systems can be stressed.1–3 Asymptomatic heterozygous carriers are protected ...
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumours of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, accounting for 0.1–3.0% of all GI malignancies, and 80% of all GI sarcomas.1–5 While GISTs can occur throughout the entire GI tract, with similar male/female incidence, 60% ...
The European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) was established in 1974 to allow scientists and physicians involved in clinical bone marrow transplantation to share their experiences and collaborate in studies. Recently, the scope of the organisation has broadened to ...
Cancer immunotherapy has come of age and has successfully been implemented as the standard of care in a number of oncologic indications.1 Antibodies targeting cancer-associated antigens on the tumour cell, such as CD20, constituted the first wave of immunotherapies leading ...
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and has increased in incidence in recent decades.1–3 Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the mainstay of assessment of thyroid nodules and diagnosis of malignancy.4,5 Several reports have suggested that ultrasound (US)-guided ...
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and has increased in incidence in recent decades.1–3 Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the mainstay of assessment of thyroid nodules and diagnosis of malignancy.4,5 Several reports have suggested that ultrasound (US) -guided ...
Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) are immune checkpoints that are expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells in the initiator and effector phase of T-cell activation respectively. They are responsible for “switching off” the T-cell. Inhibition of ...
The role of the dendritic cell (DC) is at the centre of the immune system by initiating, progressing and regulating the responses against pathogens, include tumours. After the first successful clinical achievement in DC-based immunotherapy trials in follicular lymphoma and ...
Large granular lymphocytic (LGL) proliferations comprise a spectrum of conditions ranging from reactive non-clonal and self-limited LGL expansions to asymptomatic or frank leukaemic clonal LGL disease. They are defined by the polyclonal, oligoclonal and/or clonal expansion in the blood ...
Blood platelets could be easily overlooked as they appear inconsequential in blood smears in comparison with red cells and white cells. These small, discoid cells, 1–2μm across,1 are large in number, with 100–450 billion per litre of healthy blood, and appear ...
As 90% of all cases of squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN) show (over-) expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), there is a strong rationale supporting the targeting of EGFR in this malignancy. This rationale is further ...
The reason that so few women choose BCT is largely due to the inconvenience of attending six to seven weeks of daily radiation treatments (RT). Often women, especially in the heartland of America, are many hours away from the nearest ...
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