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The management of children with diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) and other paediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) continue to present one of the most difficult challenges facing paediatric oncologists, characterized by poor patient outcomes.1Â Standard of care therapy, which includes a maximal ...
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a cytogenetic, epigenetic, and immunological heterogeneous group of myeloid disorders characterized by dysplastic hematopoeisis and propensity for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) transformation.1,2 The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program estimates that risk factors for the ...
Cancer immunotherapy has come of age and has successfully been implemented as the standard of care in a number of oncologic indications.1 Antibodies targeting cancer-associated antigens on the tumour cell, such as CD20, constituted the first wave of immunotherapies leading ...
Despite substantial advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment, the long-term survival rate for many cancer patients remains dismal.1 More than 90% of cancer-related mortality is ascribed to disease resurgence months or years after adjuvant therapy, either in the form of local ...
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Although they have been recognized as a distinct entity for several decades, it has only been over the past 10–15 years that these tumors have been ...
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Although they have been recognized as a distinct entity for several decades, it has only been over the past 10–15 years that these tumors have been ...
Glioblastoma Multiforme Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant of the primary brain cancers with only about 12 % of patients surviving beyond 36 months (longterm survivors).1–4 Most GBMs are heterogeneous in cellular composition consisting of tumor stem cells, malignantly transformed mesenchymal cells, ...
Since the 1960s, overall survival for all childhood cancers has substantially increased such that currently nearly 80 % of children will survive to five years following diagnosis, compared with 30 % 50 years ago. For most childhood cancers, survival at five years from therapy does ...
Intraspinal (leptomeningeal or intramedullary) metastases from primary intracranial gliomas have been well documented in several clinical and pathological series.1–5 Post-mortem and cytological incidence of meningeal and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dissemination of up to 40 % has been demonstrated in these studies. Symptomatic ...
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common human pathogen that infects the majority of the world’s population. CMV is a large species-specific virus that co-evolved with its host for many thousands of years. Since CMV adapted to persist in immunocompetent ...
The purpose of this article is to review the current treatment options for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). The current standard of care involves maximal safe surgical resection followed by concurrent chemotherapy with radiation followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Although level 1 evidence ...
The treatment of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is considered to be a palliative venture with no hope of cure. Traditionally, patients are treated with maximal surgical resection based on the premise that, although surgery is not a curative procedure, ...
During the past half century, an ongoing technological revolution in cancer imaging and radiation treatment has taken us ever closer to the goal of treating localised tumours without harming normal tissues. In his visionary 1946 paper,1 Harvard physicist Robert Wilson suggested ...
Anaplastic astrocytomas, oligoastrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas (World Health Organization (WHO) grade III) and glioblastomas (WHO grade IV) are collectively referred to as malignant gliomas, whereas WHO grade I and II gliomas are designated low-grade gliomas.1 For decades, neurosurgical resection – whenever possible – ...
New contrast-enhancing lesions discovered on routine follow-up brain imaging at or near the site of previously treated primary or metastatic brain tumours represent a challenge for radiologists and oncologists, as radiation-induced injuries may have an appearance that is virtually indistinguishable ...
Congenital brain tumours are infrequent and account for approximately 1–4% of all paediatric cases.1 One to four live births per 100,000 are estimated to be affected by a congenital brain tumour.2,3 The majority of these neoplasms reside in the supratentorial compartment and, ...
Introduction Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) is a diffuse, frequently bilateral, glial tumor which infiltrates the brain, involving more than two lobes. It often extends to the infratentorial structures and even to the spinal cord. According to the current WHO classification of ...
Past The most common cancer arising from the brain is the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). It is also the most deadly,1 representing the most aggressive subtype among the gliomas, a collection of tumors including astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas (see Table 1). In 1926, Bailey ...
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