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Endocrine therapy (ET) has changed the natural history of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC) and is the cornerstone of the treatment of HR+ BC. There are several ETs approved for the treatment of BC, including selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs; tamoxifen), aromatase inhibitors (AIs; anastrazole, letrozole and exemestane) and selective oestrogen receptor degraders (SERDs; fulvestrant […]

Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is a novel human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) designed to effectively deliver a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor (exatecan derivative) to HER2-expressing cancer cells and limit potential systemic toxicity.1 T-DXd has shown remarkable efficacy against recurrent HER2-positive breast cancer in many trials.2–5 This payload, an exatecan derivative, is highly active among camptothecins […]

Unmet clinical needs for patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non–small-cell lung cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have become the standard first-line therapy for patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbouring a classical activating EGFR mutation (exon 19 deletion or exon 21 L858R). Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR-TKI, is the […]

Severe haemophilia A (HA), defined as baseline factor VIII (FVIII) levels of <1%, results in traumatic and spontaneous bleeding episodes, which occur primarily in the joints, in addition to the muscles, soft tissue and the central nervous system. Prophylactic treatment is needed to prevent complications such as joint arthropathy.1 Treatment for HA has historically been achieved […]

Lenalidomide is a standard of care in multiple myeloma. But with the prevalence of the lenalidomide-refractory population increasing, the CARTITUDE-4 trial aimed to assess ciltacabtagene autoleucel for this patient population. In this touchONCOLOGY interview, we speak with Dr Binod Dhakal (Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA) to discuss the mechanism of action of ciltacabtagene […]

The purpose of phase I clinical trials are to evaluate the safety, dosage and potential side effects of a new drug or treatment in humans for the first time. In this touchONCOLOGY interview, we speak with Dr Vivek Subbiah (University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX, USA) to discuss the purpose and details […]

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous haematological malignancy characterized by the presence of ≥20% blasts in bone marrow or peripheral blood or the presence of defined genetic abnormalities.1 In 2020, there were an estimated 21,450 new patients with AML and 11,180 AML-related deaths in the USA.2 Most mutated myeloid stem cells proliferate due to genetic alterations, […]

Chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression has long been considered a toxicity that limits the dose of cytotoxic agents, which contributes to significant morbidity and mortality.1 Sub-optimal dose intensity may decrease the efficacy of therapy, thereby compromising progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) benefits.2 Chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression is often managed with granulocyte-colony stimulating factors (G-CSFs) and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) […]

B-cell signalling pathways are critical regulators of B-cell development, expansion, and survival and function via various mediators, including Src family kinases (SFKs), spleen tyrosine kinase, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) (Figure 1).1,2 BTK, a member of the Tec protein tyrosine kinase (TEC) family, is overexpressed in many B-cell leukaemias and lymphomas, and […]