Search Results
124 Results Found for “programmed death-ligand”
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the 11th most common cancer in the UK, with approximately 11,000 new bladder cancer diagnoses annually.1 Globally, bladder cancer accounts for approximately 635,000 new diagnoses and 228,000 deaths annually, based on the latest GLOBOCAN estimates for 2024.2 Bladder cancer constitutes ...
Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) is a clinically heterogeneous disease, but compared with other breast cancer subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is generally associated with a poorer prognosis and has historically had limited therapeutic options.1 The 5-year survival rate remains ...
Choosing the appropriate adjuvant therapy in patients with melanoma undergoing neoadjuvant treatment
This article examines current evidence supporting the use of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with resectable macroscopic stage III melanoma and critically discusses the selection of appropriate adjuvant therapy following surgery. It is written in the context of emerging evidence from ...
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide.1Â Over the past two decades, the molecular characterization of NSCLC has transformed the therapeutic landscape by enabling the development of targeted therapies that have significantly improved outcomes ...
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the tenth most common cancer in 2024, with 66,440 new cases and 51,570 deaths.1,2Â Globally, the prevalence varies from 10/100,000 cases in the Americas and Europe to 0.9/100,000 cases in South Central Asia and most of Africa.3Â Currently, it has the ...
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) act by blocking inhibitory pathways such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)Â and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4Â (CTLA-4), thereby restoring T-cell activity and promoting tumour cell destruction.1,2Â The ability of tumours ...
The intestinal microbiota, composed of approximately 1,000 species and over 100 trillion micro-organisms, plays a vital role in host physiology, including metabolism, barrier function and immune regulation.1 Disruption of this delicate host–microbiota balance – known as dysbiosis – has been implicated in the ...
Early-onset lung cancer is typically defined as occurring in individuals aged 18–50 years, although there is no universally accepted definition.1–3 This entity, though rare, poses unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This article synthesizes current evidence on the unique features and management ...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver, comprising approximately 85% of all primary liver cancers.1Â Globally, it ranks as the sixth-most common cancer and the third-leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with over 900,000 new cases and 830,000 deaths ...
Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide, with an estimated 604,000 new cases and 342,000 CC-related deaths in 2020.1# Approximately 90% of CCs are caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV).2Â Even though the adoption of both primary (HPV ...
Head and neck cancer (HNC), with over 946,000 new cases and 482,000 deaths in 2022, is the seventh most common cause of cancer-related deaths globally.1Â Specifically, in the USA, the number of estimated new cases in 2024 was 74,000.2Â Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (...
Despite being considered a rare type of malignancy, constituting only 3% of all gastrointestinal cancers, the incidence of biliary tract cancers (BTCs) has been increasing worldwide in recent years, with about 20,000 new cases annually only in the USA.1–3 These cancers arise ...
Highlights Immunotherapy, especially combinatory immunotherapy, has shown promise with prolonged survival for patients with advanced mesothelioma in the first-line setting (see the sections on ‘Systemic treatment and immunotherapy debut’ and ‘Randomized immunotherapy trials of mesothelioma’). Histology-based therapy is important to ...
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) represents the most formidable stage of prostate cancer (PCa) and is responsible for the majority of PCa-related mortalities. This advanced form of the disease typically evolves from less aggressive stages.1 PCa is broadly categorized into ...
Oesophageal cancer is the eighth most commonly diagnosed cancer and is the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide.1,2Â Worldwide, around 604,100 new instances of oesophageal cancer were recorded in 2020, leading to approximately 544,100 deaths. This translates to a standardized incidence rate ...
Rat sarcoma virus (RAS) proteins are a family of prototypical oncogenes frequently mutated in human cancers. Mutations in the RAS gene account for 19% of all pathogenic alterations and are the subject of extensive research in molecular and clinical oncology.1 The ...
The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the development of mRNA technologies, most notably with the creation of mRNA vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2. While these vaccines helped control the pandemic, their potential may extend beyond infectious diseases, with growing interest in their potential application ...
Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) is a novel oral formulation of two drugs with promising results in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).1Â Trifluridine is a thymidine-based nucleoside analogue that, after intracellular phosphorylation, gets incorporated into DNA, causing DNA dysfunction.2Â ...
Log into your Touch Account
Keep track of your clinical interests and newsletter subscriptions.
Sign up with an Email
Or use a .
Register now for FREE access
Already registered? Login below.
