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Showing Results for PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor
Rat sarcoma virus (RAS) proteins are a family of prototypical oncogenes frequently mutated in human cancers. Mutations in the RAS gene account for 19% of all pathogenic alterations and are the subject of extensive research in molecular and clinical oncology.1 The ...
Endocrine therapy (ET) has changed the natural history of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC) and is the cornerstone of the treatment of HR+ BC. There are several ETs approved for the treatment of BC, including selective oestrogen receptor modulators (...
Gastro-oesophageal cancers (GEC), which include both gastric (GC) and oesophageal cancers (EC), are among the most common cancers globally.1 In the USA, the American Cancer Society estimated 20,640 new diagnoses of EC and 26,380 new diagnoses of GC, each contributing to 16,410 and 11,090 ...
Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are a heterogenous group of cancers arising from the biliary epithelium. While they account for around 3% of all gastrointestinal malignancies, they are the second most common primary liver cancer.1 CCAs tend to metastasize and have early lymph node ...
B-cell signalling pathways are critical regulators of B-cell development, expansion, and survival and function via various mediators, including Src family kinases (SFKs), spleen tyrosine kinase, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) (Figure 1).1,2 BTK, a member of ...
Current treatment landscape in Canada Waldenström’s macroglobulinaemia (WM) is a rare haematological disorder with an incidence of about three cases per million, leading to approximately 150 new cases per year in Canada.1,2 WM is characterized by a clonal lymphoplasmacytic ...
Cancer treatment has expanded rapidly in recent years as advancements in the fields of tumour biology and molecular diagnostics have informed the development of targeted therapies, improving survival in patients with oncogene-addicted cancers with therapeutically relevant molecular lesions. Osimertinib has ...
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy that typically develops in individuals in their late 60s with an average survival time of ~8 years.1 Despite recent advances in treatment, multiple myeloma remains largely incurable due to development of drug resistance in ...
Advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) treatment paradigms have evolved during the past decade. Identification of tumor-specific molecular alteration in cancer driver genes has led to the development of targeted therapies.1–3 Most of the tumors harboring such alterations are sensitive ...
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is predicted to beat colon cancer in terms of total cancer-related deaths in the USA by this year (2020).1 Given this projected burden of disease, efforts in understanding and developing new treatments for PDA are paramount. In ...
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is encoded by a proto-oncogene with important roles in the promotion of cell proliferation, differentiation and angiogenesis via the activation of Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) ...
Cholangiocarcinoma constitutes approximately 3% of all gastrointestinal malignancies, and the incidence is on the rise, especially the intrahepatic subtype. These tumors are anatomically broadly classified into intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal cholangiocarcinoma. Recent understanding of tumorigenesis pathways has shown that there exists ...
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancers and will affect one in eight women in their lifetime.1 With the majority of breast cancers being estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, a large proportion of women will receive adjuvant ...
Hodgkin lymphoma is a B-cell lymphoma that predominantly affects adults between 20–40 years of age, with a second incidence peak in those 55 years of age or older.1,2 It is also the most common form of lymphoma in adolescents, occurring in nearly ...
Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is an indolent lymphoma characterized by the presence of a circulating monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) protein of any size and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in the bone marrow.1 It lies within a continuous spectrum of disorders associated with ...
Penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is rare in the developed world, with 2,080 new cases and 410 deaths in the US each year.1 However, the disease is much more prevalent in developing countries, where it constitutes a significant public health hazard. Countries ...
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