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Optimizing outcomes of JAK inhibition in myelofibrosis: Practical considerations for the clinic

  • Downloads including slides are available for this activity in the Toolkit
Learning Objectives

After watching this activity, participants should be better able to:

  • Discuss considerations for selecting an appropriate JAK inhibitor in the first-line treatment of myelofibrosis
  • Plan strategies for managing side effects associated with JAK inhibition in patients with myelofibrosis
  • Evaluate management approaches following lack of treatment success with first-line JAK inhibitor treatment in patients with myelofibrosis
Overview

In this activity, two expert haematologic oncologists respond to questions from the haematology and oncology communities on how to select a first-line JAK inhibitor for patients with myelofibrosis, the key side effects associated with JAK inhibitors and how these are best managed, and review second-line treatment options following first-line JAK inhibitor treatment failure.

This activity is jointly provided by USF Health and touchIME. read more

Target Audience

Haematologists and oncologists (including haematologic oncologists) involved in the management of myelofibrosis.

Disclosures

USF Health adheres to the Standards for Integrity and Independence in Accredited Continuing Education. All individuals in a position to influence content have disclosed to USF Health any financial relationship with an ineligible organization. USF Health has reviewed and mitigated all relevant financial relationships related to the content of the activity. The relevant relationships are listed below. All individuals not listed have no relevant financial relationships.

Faculty

Prof. John Mascarenhas discloses Advisory board or panel fees from AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, CTI BioPharma, Galecto Biotech, Geron Corporation, GlaxoSmithKline, Imago BioSciences, Inc., Incyte Corporation, Kartos Therapeutics, Karyopharm Therapeutics, MorphoSys, Novartis, Pfizer, PharmaEssentia and Sierra Oncology. Grants/research support from AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Geron Corporation, Incyte Corporation, Kartos Therapeutics, Novartis and PharmaEssentia.

Dr Raajit Rampal discloses Advisory board or panel fees from AbbVie, Galecto Biotech, GlaxoSmithKline, Incyte Corporation, Kartos Therapeutics, Karyopharm Therapeutics, PharmaEssentia and SDP Pharma. Consultancy fees from Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene, CTI BioPharma, MorphoSys, Servier, Stemline Therapeutics Inc. and Zentalis Pharmaceuticals. Grants/research support from Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Ryvu Therapeutics, Stemline Therapeutics Inc. and Zentalis Pharmaceuticals.

Content Reviewer

Amy Patterson, APRN: Speakers Bureau: Gilead/Kite (Relationships Terminated).

Touch Medical Contributors

Katrina Lester and Aniket Parikh have no financial interests/relationships or affiliations in relation to this activity.

USF Health Office of Continuing Professional Development and touchIME staff have no financial interests/relationships or affiliations in relation to this activity.

Requirements for Successful Completion

In order to receive credit for this activity, participants must review the content and complete the post-test and evaluation form. Statements of credit are awarded upon successful completion of the post-test and evaluation form.

If you have questions regarding credit please contact cpdsupport@usf.edu.

Accreditations

Physicians

This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the accreditation requirements and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through a joint providership of USF Health and touchIME. USF Health is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

USF Health designates this enduring material for a maximum of 0.75 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM.  Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

The European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) – European Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (EACCME) has an agreement of mutual recognition of continuing medical education (CME) credit with the American Medical Association (AMA). European physicians interested in converting AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM into European CME credit (ECMEC) should contact the UEMS (www.uems.eu).

Advanced Practice Providers

Physician Assistants may claim a maximum of 0.75 Category 1 credits for completing this activity. NCCPA accepts AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM from organizations accredited by ACCME or a recognized state medical society.

The AANPCP accepts certificates of participation for educational activities approved for AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM by ACCME-accredited providers. APRNs who participate will receive a certificate of completion commensurate with the extent of their participation.

LIVE Broadcast: 14 July 2023. Date of original release: 31 July 2023. Date credits expire: 31 July 2024.

If you have any questions regarding credit please contact cpdsupport@usf.edu.

This activity is CE/CME accredited

To obtain the CE/CME credit(s) from this activity, please complete this post-activity test.

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Topics covered in this activity

Haematological Malignancies / Rare Diseases
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touchIN CONVERSATION
Optimizing outcomes of JAK inhibition in myelofibrosis: Practical considerations for the clinic
0.75 CE/CME credit

Question 1/5
Which of the following are the main targets of the JAK inhibitor, fedratinib?

FLT3, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3; JAK, Janus kinase.

Fedratinib was designed as a potent JAK2-selective inhibitor, which also exhibits off-target inhibition of wild-type and mutant FLT3. Unlike ruxolitinib, which is a dual JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, fedratinib is a weak JAK1 inhibitor. Specificity of fedratinib for JAK2 as opposed to JAK1 may reduce the incidence of infectious events due to less immunosuppression.

Abbreviations

FLT3, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3; JAK, Janus kinase.

Reference

Talpaz M, Kiladjian JJ. Leukemia. 2021;35:1–17.

Question 2/5
Your 68-year-old male patient presenting with palpable splenomegaly was recently diagnosed with high-risk myelofibrosis. Diagnostic blood test results show a white blood cell count 21.2 x 109/L, haemoglobin levels 10.7 g/dL, platelet count 115 x 109/L and otherwise normal hepatic function and serum creatinine levels. Based on the 2022 NCCN guidelines, which of the following JAK inhibitors would you suggest prescribing first-line to best manage this patient?

JAK, Janus kinase; NCCN, National Comprehensive Cancer Network.

Fedratinib and ruxolitinib are FDA-approved JAK inhibitors for adults with intermediate-2 or high-risk myelofibrosis, ineligible for allogeneic HSCT, and have a platelet count ≥50 x 109/L. Pacritinib is FDA-approved for adults with intermediate or high-risk myelofibrosis with a platelet count <50 x 109/L who are ineligible for allogeneic HSCT.

Abbreviations

FDA, US Food Drug and Administration; HSCT, haematopoietic stem cell transplantation; JAK, Janus kinase.

Reference

Gerds AT, et al. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2022;20:1033–62.

Question 3/5
Your 69-year-old male patient with a platelet count 68 x 109/L was diagnosed with intermediate-2 myelofibrosis and subsequently treated with ruxolitinib. After 5 months at the maximum tolerated dose, he developed new palpable splenomegaly 6 cm below the left costal margin, indicating progressive disease. After discussions with your patient, you decide to switch to fedratinib. What do you do next?

Fedratinib has an FDA black box warning for encephalopathy, including Wernike’s encephalopathy, due to thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency.1,2 As such, patients’ thiamine levels, complete blood count with platelets, and nutritional status should be assessed prior to initiating fedratinib, periodically during treatment, and as clinically indicated.1,2 Fedratinib should not be initiated in patients with thiamine deficiency; thiamine levels should be restored prior to starting treatment.1,2

Abbreviation

FDA, US Food Drug and Administration.

References

  1. FDA. Fedratinib PI. Available at: https://bit.ly/3NDVDtt (accessed 21 June 2023).
  2. Gerds AT, et al. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2022;20:1033–62.
Question 4/5
Your 75-year-old male patient with symptomatic high-risk myelofibrosis is ineligible for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Together, you discuss initiating treatment with a JAK inhibitor and review potential treatment-emergent side effects. How do you counsel your patient on common management strategies for haematological side effects associated with JAK inhibitor treatment?

JAK, Janus kinase.

In patients with myelofibrosis receiving JAK inhibitor therapy, haematological side effects, including anaemia and thrombocytopenia, commonly occur.1–6 These events can typically be managed with transfusional support and JAK inhibitor dose modifications;1,2,4,5,7 discontinuation of JAK inhibitor treatment may be required in a minority of patients.1–6

Abbreviation

JAK, Janus kinase.

References

  1. Verstovsek S, et al. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:799–807.
  2. Harrison C, et al. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:787–98.
  3. Pardanani A, et al. JAMA Oncol. 2015:1:643–51.
  4. Harrison CN, et al. Lancet Haematol. 2017;4:e317–24.
  5. Mesa RA, et al. Lancet Haematol. 2017;4:e225–36.
  6. Mascarenhas J, et al. JAMA Oncol. 2018;4:652–9.
  7. Gerds AT, et al. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2022;20:1033–62.
Question 5/5
Despite an initial spleen response, 6 months after receiving first-line ruxolitinib at the maximum tolerated dose, your patient with high-risk myelofibrosis has a 29% increase in spleen volume vs their baseline measurement. Based on the 2022 NCCN guidelines, which of the following options would you consider for your patient, given they are not showing signs of anaemia or thrombocytopenia?

HSCT, haematopoietic stem cell transplant; NCCN, National Comprehensive Cancer Network.

NCCN guidelines advise that first-line ruxolitinib should be discontinued if there is no spleen response or improvement of symptoms after 6 months of treatment.1 Switching to fedratinib or clinical trial enrolment are NCCN recommendations following ruxolitinib failure in patients with higher-risk myelofibrosis and platelet count ≥50 x 109/L who are not transplant candidates.1 According to the NCCN guidelines, pacritinib can also be considered second line for patients with platelet counts ≥50 x 109/L with one prior JAK inhibitor,1 yet pacritinib is only FDA-approved for patients with intermediate or high-risk myelofibrosis with a platelet count <50 x 109/L.2

Abbreviations

FDA, US Food Drug and Administration; JAK, Janus kinase; NCCN, National Comprehensive Cancer Network.

References

  1. Gerds AT, et al. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2022;20:1033–62.
  2. FDA. Pacritinib PI. Available at: https://bit.ly/3CBcVBl (accessed 20 June 2023).
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